Medication & Genetics
We are all unique inside our genome. Our genes contain instructions on how to metabolize drug substances, for example by constructing different enzymes and membrane proteins for this. Differences between individuals can be seen in the structure of these proteins and enzymes – this causes differences in drug metabolism. Here’s how genetics affect medication: when someone reacts to a drug very strongly in a very small dose, someone else might not have an effect at all with same dosage.
Various prescribed drugs metabolize through liver enzyme CYP2C19. Different variations of CYP2C19 take part in metabolism of for example clopidogrel, a drug that is used to treat and prevent heart and brain stroke. Even one in six patients using clopidogrel have genetic features, that make this drug metabolize poorly and not provide the prevention of a recurring stroke.
The genetic features in drug metabolism can be solved using pharmacogenetic testing. GeneAccount Service’s genetic test increases medication safety and is a way for personalized medicine without dangerous side effects or ineffective treatments caused by unsuitable drugs.
Test results contain dosing recommendations for more than 150 commonly used drugs and offer a great support for your clinician when prescribing drugs.
GeneAccount Service / Genes
GeneAccount Service genetic test interprets genes with most pharmacogenetical significance. The examined genes include ABCB1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, F2, F5, SLCO1B1 and VKORC1.
GeneAccount Service / Medications
GeneAccount Service’s examined genes define more than 150 individual medications personal suitability. These medications include pharmaceuticals for heart and vasculary diseases, pain, mood and birth control. Look below for examples of medications with pharmacogenetic variance which GeneAccount Service genetic test intreprets.
| active_ingredient_name | tradenames |
|---|---|
| abacavir | Abacavir/Lamivudin Mylan;Abakavir/Lamivudin Mylan Pharma;Kivexa;Triumeq;Trizivir;Ziagen |
| allopurinol | Allonol;Allopurinol Accord;Apurin Sandoz;Zyloric |
| amifampridine phosphate | Firdapse |
| amitriptyline | Amitriptylin Abcur;Klotriptyl;Klotriptyl Mite;Limbitrol;Pertriptyl;Triptyl |
| aripiprazole | Abilify;Abilify Maintena;Aripiprazole Accord;Aripiprazole Avansor;Aripiprazole Orion;Aripiprazole Ratiopharm;Aripiprazol Krka;Aripiprazol Stada;Lemilvo |
| articaine | Dentocaine;Septocaine;Septocaine Forte;Ubistesin;Ubistesin Mild;Ultracain D-Suprarenin |
| ascorbic acid | Burana-C;Cernevit;C-Vimin;Finrexin;Finrexin Neo;Ibumax-C;Moviprep;Nitrofur-C;Pamolhot-C;Paracetamol+C Ratiopharm;Plenvu;Renavit Renacare;Soluvit;Viant |
| atazanavir | Atazanavir Accord;Atazanavir Krka;Atazanavir Stada |
| atomoxetine | Atomoxetine Accord;Atomoxetine Stada;Atomoxetin Orion;Strattera |
| atorvastatin | Atorbir;Atorvastatin Accord;Atorvastatin Krka;Atorvastatin Orion;Atorvastatin Pfizer;Atorvastatin Ratiopharm;Euvascor;Lipistad;Lipitor;Orbeos;Triveram |
| azathioprine | Azamun;Imurel |
| brexpiprazole | Rxulti |
| brivaracetam | Briviact |
| bupropion | Bupropion Orion;Bupropion Sandoz;Mysimba;Voxra;Zyban |
| caffeine | Finrexin;Finrexin Neo;Gencebok;Malvitona;Panadol Coffein;Paramax Comp;Peyona;Treo |
| capecitabine | Capecitabine Accord;Capecitabine Orion;Ecansya;Xeloda |
| carbamazepine | Carbamazepine Essential Pharma;Neurotol Slow;Tegretol;Tegretol Retard |
| carvedilol | Cardiol;Carvedilol Hexal;Carvedilol Orion;Carvedilol Stada;Carveratio |
| celecoxib | Celebra;Celecoxib Krka;Celecoxib Orion;Celecoxib Pfizer;Celecoxib Stada |
| ciprofloxacin | Ciprofloxacin Fresenius Kabi;Ciprofloxacin Krka;Ciprofloxacin Orion;Ciprofloxacin Ratiopharm;Ciproxin |
| cisplatin | Cisplatin Accord |
| citalopram | Citalopram Orion;Citalopram-Ratiopharm;Citalopram Vitabalans;Sepram |
| clobazam | Frisium |
| clomipramine | Anafranil;Anafranil Retard |
| clopidogrel | Clopidogrel Actavis;Clopidogrel Krka;Clopidogrel Mylan;Clopidogrel Orion;Clopidogrel Stada;Clopidogrel Taw Pharma;Plavix |
| clozapine | Clozapine Accord;Froidir;Leponex |
| codeine | Altermol;Ardinex;Codesan Comp;Katapekt;Mustanparran Yskäntipat Df 2004;Panacod;Paramax-Cod;Professorin Perinteinen Yskänlääke;Recipect |
| cyclophosphamide | Sendoxan |
| dabrafenib | Tafinlar |
| dapsone | Dapson Scanpharm;Dapson Tillomed |
| darifenacin | Emselex |
| dextromethorphan | Resilar;Rometor Ratiopharm;Sir. Ephedrin;Sir. Ephedrin Paediatr. |
| diazepam | Diapam;Medipam;Stesolid |
| diclofenac | Arthrotec;Arthrotec Forte;Diclomex;Diclomex Rapid;Dicuno;Motifene Dual;Voltaren;Voltaren Rapid;Voltaren Retard |
| digoxin | Digoxin;Digoxin Orion;Digoxin Orion Mite;Digoxin Orion Semi |
| dolutegravir | Tivicay;Triumeq |
| donepezil | Aricept;Donepezil Krka;Donepezil Orion;Zauton |
| doxepin | Doxal |
| duloxetine | Cymbalta;Duloxetine Accord;Duloxetine Krka;Duloxetine Mylan;Duloxetine Orion;Duloxetine Ratiopharm;Duloxetin Stada;Loxentia;Yentreve |
| efavirenz | Atripla;Efavirenz Aurobindo;Efavirenz Sandoz;Emtenef |
| eliglustat | Cerdelga |
| eltrombopag | Revolade |
| erlotinib | Erlotinib Avansor;Erlotinib Krka;Erlotinib Orion;Erlotinib Stada;Tarceva |
| escitalopram | Cipralex;Escitalopram Accord;Escitalopram Actavis;Escitalopram Krka;Escitalopram Orion;Escitalopram Ratiopharm;Escitalopram Sandoz |
| eslicarbazepine | Zebinix |
| esomeprazole | Acidal;Esomeprazol Actavis;Esomeprazol Krka;Esomeprazol Orion;Esomeprazol Ratiopharm;Esomeprazol Sandoz;Nexium;Vimovo |
| estradiol | Activelle;Angeliq;Cliovelle;Divina;Estalis;Estradot;Estring;Estrofem;Evorel Conti;Evorel Sequi;Femoston 1/10;Femoston 2/10;Femoston Conti 0,5/2,5;Femoston Conti 1/5;Indivina;Kliogest;Novofem;Progynova;Qlaira;Sequidot;Trisekvens;Zoely;Zumenon |
| estriol | Ovestin |
| ethinylestradiol | Cemisiana;Cypretyl;Daisynelle;Daylette;Denise;Diane Nova;Dienorette;Diza;Dizminelle;Evra;Femoden;Gestinyl;Harmonet;Levesia;Linatera;Lumivela;Martam;Marvelon;Meliane;Mercilon;Microgynon;Midiana;Minulet;Nuvaring;Ornibel;Rigevidoncont;Rubira;Stefaminelle;Tasminetta;Vagiprev;Vonamyl;Vreya;Yanulez;Yasmin;Yasminelle;Yaz |
| fesoterodine | Toviaz |
| flecainide | Flecainide Orion;Tambocor;Tambocor Retard |
| flucloxacillin | Flucloxacillin Orion |
| fluorouracil | Fluorouracil Accord |
| fluoxetine | Fluoxetine Vitabalans;Fluoxetin Mylan;Fluoxone;Seromex;Seronil |
| flupenthixol | Fluanxol |
| flurbiprofen | Strefen Orange |
| flutamide | Profamid |
| fluvastatin | Fluvastatin Mylan;Lescol Depot |
| fluvoxamine | Fluvosol |
| fosphenytoin | Pro-Epanutin |
| galantamine | Galantamine Actavis;Galantamin Krka;Galantamin Orion;Galantamin Stada;Reminyl |
| gefitinib | Gefitinib Accord;Gefitinib Avansor;Gefitinib Mylan;Gefitinib Ratiopharm;Gefitinib Stada;Iressa |
| glimepiride | Amaryl |
| glyceryl trinitrate | Deponit Nt;Nitro;Nitroglycerin Orion;Perlinganit;Transiderm-Nitro |
| haloperidol | Serenase;Serenase Depot |
| hydroxychloroquine | Oxiklorin |
| ibuprofen | Ardinex;Burana;Burana-C;Burana-Caps;Burana Slow;Dolerin;Ibumax;Ibumax-C;Ibumetin;Ibuprofen B. Braun;Ibusal;Ibutabs;Ibuver;Ibuxin;Ibuxin Rapid;Pedea |
| indacaterol | Onbrez Breezhaler;Ultibro Breezhaler |
| irinotecan | Irinotecan Accord;Irinotecan Medac;Onivyde Pegylated Liposomal |
| isoniazid | Tubilysin |
| lacosamide | Vimpat |
| lansoprazole | Gasterix;Helipak A;Helipak K;Lansoprazol Krka;Lanvone;Zolt |
| levofloxacin | Levofloxacin Fresenius Kabi;Levofloxacin Krka;Levofloxacin Orion;Tavanic |
| lidocaine | Depo-Medrol Cum Lidocain;Emla;Lentocilin S 1200;Lidocain;Lidocain C. Adrenalin;Lidocaine Accord;Lidocaine Baxter;Lidocard;Lidokaiinihydrokloridi Kurlausvesi;Lidokain Mylan;Mydrane;Neoproct;Neoproct Yhdistelmäpakkaus;Tapin;Tardocillin 1200;Xylocain Dental Adrenalin |
| lorazepam | Loratsepaami;Lorazepam Macure;Lorazepam Orion;Temesta |
| losartan | Cozaar;Cozaar Comp;Cozaar Comp Forte;Losanova;Losarstad;Losarstad Comp;Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Krka;Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Orion;Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Sandoz;Losartan Krka;Losartan Medical Valley;Losartan Orion;Losatrix;Losatrix Comp |
| lovastatin | Lovastatin Ratiopharm;Lovastatin Stada |
| meclizine | Postafen |
| meloxicam | Meloxicam Orion;Meloxicam Ratiopharm;Mobic |
| mepivacaine | Scandonest |
| mercaptopurine | Mercaptopurin Orion;Xaluprine |
| methadone | Dolmed;Metadon Abcur;Metadon Nordic Drugs;Methadone Martindale Pharma |
| methotrexate | Ebetrex;Injexate;Methotrexat Accord;Methotrexat Ebewe;Methotrexate Pfizer;Metoject;Metoject Pen;Nordimet;Trexan |
| methylthioninium | Methylthioninium Chloride Proveblue |
| metoclopramide | Metoclopramide Accord;Metoclopramide Orion;Primperan |
| metoprolol | Logimax;Logimax Forte;Metohexal;Metomylan;Metopocor;Metoprolin;Metoprolol Krka;Metoprolol Orion;Metoprolol Ratiopharm;Selocomp Zoc;Seloken;Seloken Zoc;Spesicor Dos |
| mirabegron | Betmiga |
| mirtazapine | Mirtazapin Actavis;Mirtazapin Krka;Mirtazapin Orion;Mirtazapin Ratiopharm |
| mivacurium | Mivacron |
| moclobemide | Aurorix;Moclobemid Ratiopharm |
| modafinil | Modafinil Orion |
| moxifloxacin | Avelox;Moxifloxacin Fresenius Kabi;Moxifloxacin Krka;Moxifloxacin Orion;Moxifloxacin Sanoswiss;Moxifloxacin Stada |
| mycophenolate | Cellcept;Mycophenolate Mofetil Accord;Mycophenolate Mofetil Sandoz;Myfenax;Myfortic |
| nebivolol | Hypoloc;Hypoloc Comp;Nebivolol Orion |
| nevirapine | Nevirapine Accord;Nevirapine Mylan;Viramune |
| nilotinib | Tasigna |
| nitrofurantoin | Furantoina;Nitrofur-C |
| nortriptyline | Noritren |
| olanzapine | Olanzapine Accord;Olanzapine Mylan;Olanzapin Orion;Olanzapin Ratiopharm;Olanzapin Sandoz;Zalasta;Zypadhera;Zyprexa;Zyprexa Velotab |
| omeprazole | Losec;Losec Mups;Omeprazol Actavis;Omeprazol Ratiopharm;Omestad |
| ondansetron | Ondansetron Accord;Ondansetron Bluefish;Ondansetron Fresenius Kabi;Ondansetron Hameln;Ondansetron Stada;Zofran;Zofran Zydis |
| oxaliplatin | Oxaliplatin Accord |
| oxazepam | Opamox;Oxamin |
| oxcarbazepine | Apydan;Oxcarbazepin Orion;Trileptal |
| oxycodone | Oxanest;Oxycodone/Naloxone Ratiopharm;Oxycodone Orion;Oxycodone Ratiopharm;Oxycodone Stada;Oxycodone Vitabalans;Oxycontin;Oxynorm;Oxyratio;Oxyratio Depot;Tanonalla;Targiniq |
| paliperidone | Trevicta;Xeplion |
| palonosetron | Akynzeo;Aloxi;Palonosetron Accord;Palonosetron Macure;Palonosetron Reig Jofre;Palonosetron Stada |
| pantoprazole | Pantopratsoli Sun;Pantoprazol Actavis;Pantoprazole Ratiopharm;Pantoprazol Krka;Pantoprazol Mylan;Pantoprazol Orion;Somac;Somac Control |
| paroxetine | Optipar;Paroxetin Orion;Seroxat |
| pazopanib | Votrient |
| peginterferon alfa-2a | Pegasys |
| perphenazine | Peratsin;Peratsin Dekanoaatti;Pertriptyl |
| phenytoin | Hydantin |
| pioglitazone | Incresync;Pioglitazone Accord;Pioglitazone Actavis |
| prasugrel | Efient |
| pravastatin | Pravastatin Orion;Pravastatin Ratiopharm;Pravastatin Sandoz |
| prilocaine | Citanest Dental Octapressin;Emla;Takipril;Tapin |
| propranolol | Dociton Retard;Hemangiol;Propral;Propranolol Accord;Ranoprin |
| rabeprazole | Pariet;Rabeprazol Krka |
| raltegravir | Isentress |
| rasburicase | Fasturtec |
| ribavirin | Rebetol |
| risperidone | Rismyl;Risperdal;Risperdal Consta;Risperidone Stada;Risperidon Krka;Risperidon Orion;Risperidon Ratiopharm;Risperidon Sandoz |
| rocuronium | Esmeron;Rocuronium B. Braun;Rocuronium Fresenius Kabi |
| romiplostim | Nplate |
| ropivacaine | Ropivacaine Bioq;Ropivacain Fresenius Kabi |
| rosuvastatin | Crestor;Rosuvastatin Accord;Rosuvastatin Actavis;Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe Ratiopharm;Rosuvastatin Krka;Rosuvastatin Mylan;Rosuvastatin Orion;Rosuvastatin Ratiopharm;Rosuvastatin Sandoz;Rosuvastatin Stada;Rosuvastatin Xiromed |
| sertindole | Serdolect |
| sertraline | Sertraline Accord;Sertralin Hexal;Sertralin Krka;Sertralin Orion;Sertralin Ratiopharm;Zoloft |
| simvastatin | Lipcut;Simvastatin Actavis;Simvastatin Krka;Simvastatin Orion;Simvastatin Ratiopharm;Zocor |
| siponimod | Mayzent |
| sofosbuvir | Epclusa;Harvoni;Sovaldi;Vosevi |
| sulfadiazine | Ditrim Duplo |
| sulfamethoxazole | Cotrim;Cotrim Forte |
| sulfasalazine | Salazopyrin;Salazopyrin En |
| suxamethonium | Sukolin;Suxamethonium Ethypharm |
| tacrolimus | Adport;Advagraf;Dailiport;Envarsus;Modigraf;Prograf |
| tamoxifen | Tadex;Tamofen |
| tamsulosin | Duodart;Dutasteride/Tamsulosinhydrochlorid Accord;Dutasteride/Tamsulosinhydrochloride Mylan;Dutasteride/Tamsulosinhydrochloride Sandoz;Dutasteride/Tamsulosinhydrochlorid Glenmark;Dutasteride/Tamsulosinhydrochlorid Medical Valley;Dutasteride/Tamsulosinhydrochlorid Ratiopharm;Dutasteride/Tamsulosinhydrochlorid Stada;Dutasteride/Tamsulosin Orion;Expros;Omnic;Omnic Ocas;Promictan;Tamictor;Tamsact;Tamsulosiinihydrokloridi Orion;Tamsumin;Urizia |
| tegafur | Teysuno |
| terbinafine | Fungorin;Terbinafin Hexal;Terbinafin Ratiopharm |
| tetrabenazine | Dystardis;Tetmodis |
| tibolone | Livial;Tibelia;Tibocina;Tibolon Orifarm |
| ticagrelor | Brilique |
| tolterodine | Detrusitol;Detrusitol Sr;Tolterodin Actavis;Tolterodine Sandoz;Tolterodin Pfizer;Tolterodin Ratiopharm |
| tramadol | Dolatramyl;Skudexa;Tradolan Retard;Tramadin;Tramadol Hexal;Tramadol Krka;Tramadol/Paracetamol Krka;Tramadol Retard Hexal;Tramadol Retard Sandoz;Tramadol Vitabalans;Tramal;Tramal Retard;Tramium;Trampalgin |
| trimipramine | Surmontil |
| valproic acid | Absenor;Deprakine;Orfiril;Orfiril Long;Valproat Life Medical;Valproat Sandoz |
| venlafaxine | Efexor Depot;Venlafaxin Krka;Venlafaxin Orion;Venlafaxin Ratiopharm |
| vincristine | Oncovin |
| voriconazole | Vfend;Voriconazole Accord;Voriconazole Fresenius Kabi;Voriconazole Sandoz |
| vortioxetine | Brintellix |
| warfarin | Marevan;Marevan Forte |
| zuclopenthixol | Cisordinol;Cisordinol-Acutard;Cisordinol Depot |